Experienced teachers make decisions about educational practice using Essay

Experienced teachers make decisions about educational practice using their understanding of a range of theories about learning. No one theory provides all the a - Essay Example There are four important perspectives in learning theories, behaviorism, humanism, constructivism and cognitivism. In education, behaviorist theories maintain that learning is the result of ‘operant conditioning’ which is a process and both investigated and named by B F Skinner. The word ‘operant’ is used to explain the way in which behavior of an individual operates in a particular person. According to behaviorism theory, behavior of an individual may result either in punishment or in reinforcement. If the behavior results in reinforcement, then chances of same behavior occurring again are higher, at the same time, if a behavior results in punishment, then its chances of happening again are very remote. But we should remember that the issues related to punishment or reinforcement are quite complex. For instance, a punisher or reinforcer is identified within behaviorism by its effect on behavior. So, a punishment may not be regarded as punishment if it does not result in the reduction of a specific behavior. Therefore, behaviorists generally concentrate on measurable ch anges on behavior. ‘Operant conditioning’ uses the consequences of behavior to alter the form of behavior and its occurrence. It basically deals with modification of voluntary behavior. It generally, creates five consequences such as positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment and extinction. It is important to note that it is not the individuals who are reinforced or punished; rather it is his or her response which is reinforced or punished. In ‘operant conditioning’ context, the terms positive and negative are, generally, not used in their popular meaning, but rather positive means to addition and negative refers to subtraction. 4. Negative punishment: -It occurs when a response (behavior) results removal of a

Proposal for Exec Hotels for Business Improvement Essay

Proposal for Exec Hotels for Business Improvement - Essay Example However, the costs associated with a new focus on tourism business are currently beyond the company’s capabilities. It has been determined that renewed local marketing is the best methodology to ensure revenue growth outside of the London centre of operations. 2. The business case Occupancy rates at hotels in Europe have seen stability in the last few years, with an average rate of 63 percent in London (Carlson Wagonlit, 2011). However, many European capitals are being hit hard currently with the economic global downturn, therefore the business should focus on its local business and presence (brand reputation) in the United Kingdom rather than expanding abroad. The company staff and executive leadership team are currently well-versed in local UK cultures, values and systems and by remaining in the UK for expansion, it will avoid the high costs of training and human resources restructuring for other European countries. The goal is to improve occupancy rates during the weekend where business is the most incapacitated, however the challenge to Exec Hotels is ensuring a method to fill weekend rooms without focusing on the new tourism market. This can be accomplished by staying true to the current values and operational know-how that currently exists in the UK marketplace. 3. The methodology for revenue improvements Competitive advantage for medium-sized hotels lays specifically in market innovation practices (Lin & Wu, 2008).

Reaction essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Reaction - Essay Example esbians/ Gays memorial to that of the Holocaust genocide, it is clear that both were establishments of remembrance of the mass murders that the Roma/Sinti and the Lesbians/ Gays as well as the Jews, all who were murder targets of the Nazis. Separation of the memorials is indeed a good idea considering the targets were affiliated to different groupings, despite the fact that all were the targets of a common enemy during the same period. Similarly, ‘Ort,’ underground place of information, was a good idea considering that it contained the names of all the individuals that perished during the genocide. Such idea enables for easy remembrance of the persons that lost lives during the same time and, therefore, a good idea. The name â€Å"Murdered Jews of Europe,† is the best name. The memorial is for remembrance of Jews murdered by the Nazis and such excludes Jews who died from diseases and old age as such are considered natural deaths. Despite having Holocaust museum in Washington D.C., it is not appropriate to have a national monument simply because Washington D.C., was never the actual area in which the genocide occurred. The museum, therefore, remains for remembrance purposes of the Jews who lost lives during the same period. From the narration of Emmaly Reed, it is clear that the Jews underwent through the greatest time in history, an experience that for someone like Emmaly Reed, would never fade

Sustainability Efforts in Wal-Mart Research Paper

Sustainability Efforts in Wal-Mart - Research Paper Example According to the Fortune Global 500 list in 2013, Wal-Mart is the world's second largest public corporation and largest retailer in the world with over two million employees. The company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and still it is owned and controlled by the Walton family with 50 percent of its shares. It was in the late 1980s and early 1990s the company rose to be a reputed national firm by opening an array of outlets and clubs. According to the reports, Wal-Mart has 8,500 stores in 15 countries, under 55 different names like Walmex, Asda, Seiyu. Sustainability has been one of the major concerns for the company since its beginning, and now it tends to rely on suppliers to carry out its sustainability efforts. Wal-Mart in its annual Global Sustainability Milestone meeting held in Bentonville â€Å"presented nine initiatives that have raised the company’s overall sustainability index reading by 12% in the past year†. The company believes that the suppliers can do b etter in taking up sustainability efforts as compared to retailers. ... Evidently, in each stage of its planning, the Wal-Mart tries to retain its status as a value driven company. Wal-Mart’s attributes include its physical strength that greatly relates to the firm’s organizing function. Other organizational resources including human capital, knowledge, and money also constitute its organizing function. Wal-Mart normally charges low prices for its products. Hence, it pays specific attention to organizing its physical assets so as to ensure its sustainability. If the company’s asset organization is not efficient, naturally the firm would incur increased production costs and ultimately it may be compelled to raise prices. Regarding the leading function of the Wal-Mart, it seems that the company has been maintaining a servant leadership strategy. To illustrate, the company has framed effective mechanism to develop leaders who willingly listen to their partners and subordinates. The management believes that the servant leadership strateg y would help the firm to motivate its workforce to accomplish the company’s long term goals. The company offers its leaders many training programs like Business Leadership Series. For instance, as the company announces, â€Å"opportunities to lead at Wal-Mart encompass many areas, such as leadership development, talent management, business action plan development, and experiential learning on the job† (Wal-Mart Corporate, n.d). Well structured control mechanisms and their right time evaluation also constitute Wal-Mart’s success. As Lichtenstein (2005) points out, market control, clan control, performance standards, and manager audits are the major control mechanisms

Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Violence - Essay Example This paper tackles the topic of violence in films over different time periods and how these films differ. Each film is discussed using the theoretical perspectives of how violence occurs in a society. The film industry has many types of films or genres, and one of these is the gangster or criminal movies which portray the lives and exploits of criminals. These portrayals can often be too realistic for comfort although films which depict violence continue to enjoy its popularity. In this paper, the two films being considered for discussion are the â€Å"Gangs of New York† and also â€Å"There will Be Blood† in which the former was made in 2002 but the time period of the film was in 1863 while the latter film was made later in 2007 and its time setting was in 1902. It is just a mere coincidence the two selected films featured the same actor, Daniel Day-Lewis. This paper adopts the theoretical perspective of differential association theory in terms of explaining the violence in these two films. This particular theory best explains and is thought to be the most credible or realistic among several theories propounded regarding crime causation. Other theories may explain deviant behaviors in society but the differential association theory is right on the dot on why people commit crimes, which is due to their learned behavior. This theory states that people commit crimes because of their association with criminals via social interactions with these criminals, in which crimes are not viewed as inherently evil. In the film â€Å"Gangs of New York† the main protagonists learned how to be violent due to their prior associations with crime leaders. Bill Cutting (Daniel Day-Lewis) learned to be violent to enforce leadership of a crime gang under his mentor, Boss Tweed. On the other hand, Amsterdam Vallon (Leonardo DiCaprio) also learned to be violent due to his association with some underworld and unsavory characters, namely the former allies of his murdered

Servant Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Servant Leadership - Essay Example Researcher: David, your expertise in disaster management has received international recognition. Many thanks indeed for finding time from your busy schedule to speak to me. David: In the first place let me thank you for giving the honor of being interviewed by you. It is an opportunity for me put across the concept of Servant-Leadership because I feel that it is the one approach that works hassle free in our world of relentless change. Researcher: David, did you always have this Servant-Leader approach? David: It is an interesting question. I studied in a top-notch business school and invariably all the students were placed in the most reputed companies in the country or elsewhere in Europe or Japan even before our results were known. I found my way into a cosmetics marketing company in the country. Apparently, every thing was fine with me. Incentives, promotions, rewards, excellence citations and the whole paraphernalia of business related encouragements came in my way. In spite of all these, I was somewhat unhappy and unfulfilled and to my surprise, I was unknowingly overworking and ruining my health. Deep down within me, I did not find any satisfying answer to the question, why am I here? Researcher: I see. I suppose it was a trying time in your life. David: Indeed, it was tough. Nevertheless, I did not budge from my chosen career of management, though initially I was tempted to do so. I embarked upon a search. I started to read voraciously all kinds of books, especially history.

My School Essay Example for Free

My School Essay Today if there is any institution which exerts the greatest influence on us after the family, it is the school. The years that we spend in school are not merely time spent in learning and filling our minds with knowledge, but also time spent in moulding our character, acquiring various attitudes and imbibing basic principles of life. The basic traits of our personality are formed during our school days. The name of my school is Don Bosco Secondary School. It is situated in a town called Tura, W. Garo hills, Meghalaya. It is considered to be one of the finest schools in the state, highly acclaimed for its excellent HSLC results. The school building is an impressive structure. It consists of four floors and has about 25 classrooms. Classrooms are spacious and airy. see more:speech on my school Two staircases at both ends lead to the floors. The school has a well equipped library, a well- established science laboratory and an excellent computer room, all of which are situated on the third floor. The schools auditorium situated on the top-most floor is said to be the finest hall in the region. The Principal’s office, clerk’s room and the Staff Room are on the ground floor, close to the entrance. The school canteen is another important part of the school complex. It is situated on a separate wing close to the ground floor. Two cemented basketball courts stand in front of the Principal’s office, while the school’s football field lies at the far end of the compound. A small garden full of flower plants surrounds the school building adding to the charm and beauty of the entire complex. My school has over 1500 children studying from nursery to class X and a staff of over 45. Our headmaster is an experienced and a very efficient person, who has been at his job for the last 15 years and more. Under his able direction, the school has been obtaining cent percent HSLC results over the last 10 years. The teachers are well experienced and well versed in their subjects. My school has also made a name for itself in the field of cultural pursuits and  sports activities. The school band is considered to be one of the best bands in the whole region. The principal celebrations in my school are School Annual Sports Day, Parents’ Day, Teacher’s Day, Children’s Day, Anniversary Day, Founder’s Day, etc., which are celebrated in a grand manner. Co-curricular activities, such as, scouting, N.C.C., Eco- Club, School band, etc. have contributed in making my school an excellent educational institution of the region. What I like most in my school, is the discipline that exists there. The headmaster as well as the teachers are disciplined and men and women of character. They do not allow any untruly behaviour or any undisciplined activities by students. A lot of emphasis is given to character formation, moral education and acquiring good values of life. Although the school ambient is rather strict and time-table based, yet there is lot of fun and joy in the school. Matches, tournaments, cultural shows, competitions, outings, etc. make my school life lively, interesting and enjoyable. I am proud to be a student of Don Bosco Secondary School, Tura. As I glance back at the bygone school years, my heart swells up with gratitude and thanks giving for the twelve wonderful years that I spent in the school. My school has profoundly shaped and moulded me more than any other factors in my life. School is a temple of learning and a training ground for future citizens. The name of my school is JB High School. It was set up in 1943 by a land-lord in our area. He donated land and money for the school. The atmosphere in which our school is situated is very pleasant. It is surrounded by a play ground on one side and a garden with a small pond on the other. The school has two rows of big buildings. The name of the school is written on the front building. There are ten class rooms in the front building. Other ten rooms in the back building are used for different purposes such as the Head Masters Office, Library, the Clerks Office, the Science Laboratory, the Teachers Common-room, the N.C.C. and Scout Room, etc. There is also a hostel in our school campus. There are twenty teachers, a PET, a librarian, a clerk and two peons in our school. All the teachers are qualified and experienced. The Head Master is a learned man. He teaches Science and Geography. He also teaches English. The total number of students of our school is about five hundred. We go to school in uniform. The uniform for boys consists of blue half-pant and white half shirt. For girls it consists of blue skirt and white blouse. The school functions from 10.30 A.M. to 4 P.M. classes begin after a mass prayer. During the recess hour we go to play ground. Some students also go to library and read newspaper there. In games period we play football, volley ball, etc. Girl students play ring ball too. The library of our school is a big one. There are about two thousand books on different subjects; we have a library period in our weekly routine. We borrow books from our library and refund them after a week. We observe the Republic Day, the Independence Day, the Teachers Day in our school. We also celebrate the Ganesh Puja and the Saraswati Puja in our school. We also hold debate competitions and games and sports every year. The school magazine named the Shree is published every year. In annual examinations the students from our school show brilliant performance. Many students from this school have occupied glorious position in our state. The District Science Exhibition is also held in our school. Two years ago a classical teacher from our school won the Governors Award. The discipline, the study atmosphere and the brilliant academic result of our school attract many meritorious students from distant parts of our state. It is an ideal school in all respects.