Romeo And Juliet Movie Versions Essay - 829 Words

â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† Essay Question: Both films of ‘Romeo Juliet’ display the values and attitudes of their contexts. Which is the better version? Justify your answer with references to the films and the plays. Answer: The two version of ‘Romeo and Juliet’ that we watched were the 1968 Franco Zeffirelli version, staring Leonard Whiting, and Olivia Hussy, and the 1996 Baz Luhrmann version, staring Clair Danes, and Leonardo De Caprio. Within both of these versions the plot line is still the same, with Romeo meeting Juliet at her father’s party, and the two of them falling in love, getting married, and then killing themselves, both versions in which Romeo kills himself by drinking poison, but the differences that the two directors used are†¦show more content†¦The two actors that are cast in the 1968 version basically have not been seen in the cinemas before, giving the roles that they play a more realistic visualisation then the Baz Luhrmann stars Leonardo De Caprio and Clair Danes. Because these two stars have been in other movies before ‘Romeo Juliet’, and because the movie is supposed to be a Shakespeare play, they don’t give the roles a â⠂¬Å"real† vibe. Within the actual play, the characters all use iambic pentameter, which portrays an olden day’s feel to the movie. Within the Baz Luhrmann version of ‘Romeo Juliet’, when the actors use iambic pentameter, it clashes. Also, the setting of Verona, the way that the casting is dressed, and the rest of the â€Å"21st century look† of the movie really ruins whole effect, and creates a disillusioned feel to the movie. The other reasons why the Franco Zeffirelli version of the play seems to be better than the Baz Luhrmann version, is because of the way that the movie actually follow the pace of the play almost to perfection, though making the film longer, but with the Baz Luhrmann version, there are a number of places that the lines are cut, and the pace of the movie is so much quicker, and more action packed with a lot more violence than was needed, along with the very short few-second film shot techniques. To the modern day audience who probably prefer shorter speeches and more action, this movieShow MoreRelated Luhrmanns Movie Version of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay1095 Words   |  5 PagesLuhrmanns Movie Version of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet All hopeless romantics get dreamy-eyed and sigh whenever the balcony scene from Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet comes up in conversation. Juliet stands on her balcony, innocently murmuring about her meeting with Romeo while the very subject of her musings eagerly climbs the garden wall and trellis leading up to the object of his love, Juliet. Anyone viewing Luhrmanns Romeo + Juliet will be sadly disappointed at first to see that theRead MoreShakespeares Romeo and Juliet and Baz Luhrmanns Romeo + Juliet 1154 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeares The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, set in 16th century Verona, Italy shares differences with Baz Luhrmanns Romeo + Juliet, set in modern day Verona Beach. These stories contain the same characters and conflict, however major and minor discrepancies are galore in the story lines of both formats of William Shakespeares creation. Some major inconsistencies occur, such as Mercutio dying at a beach, portrayed as a hero, instead of being at a bar, looking like a fool, Friar LawrencesRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Movie Comparison Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesIn the original play Romeo and Juliet written by William Shakespeare in 1587, throughout the years there have been movies made trying to convey the message that Shakespeare had wanted. The movies that will be examined in order to compare the differences on whether they are similar to the original are Baz Luhrmann’s 1996 version William Shakespeare’s Romeo + Juliet and Carlo Carlei’s 2013 version, Romeo Juliet. The movies are another version of the original play in terms of setting, tone and charactersRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Gnomeo Jomeet And Romeo And Juliet881 Words   |  4 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a very well known book that is loved by many. There numerous movies done on Romeo and Juliet like Baz Luhrmann’s 1996 version and Gnomeo and Juliet. There are many apparent differences like using guns instead of swords and u sing gnomes instead of people. Although there are many similarities, the differences between Luhrmann’s movie and Gnomeo and Juliet compared to the play Romeo and Juliet are evident. The similarities between the movie and the play only go down to the plot andRead More Romeo and Juliet Movie comparison Essay650 Words   |  3 Pages Movie Compare and Contrast nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are many similarities and differences between the sixties version of Romeo and Juliet and the modern version of Romeo and Juliet. It is very easy to spot these differences considering the time period each movie was set in. There are some things in the play that totally got cut from both movies. There are also some things that they added to the movies that weren’t in the play. Let us get on to the similarities and differences. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FirstRead MoreEssay on Comparing Romeo and Juliet Films1328 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Romeo and Juliet Films In this essay I intend to compare both the part scenes of Franco Zefferelli and Baz Lurhman movie. Franco’s film was screened in 1970; the actors who play the role of RomeoJuliet are Leonardo Whiting and Olivia Hussey. Baz’s film was screened in 1997. Leonardo Di Caprio played the role of Romeo and Clare Danes had played the role of Juliet. In this essay I will discuss the differences in both these film that tell the sameRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Comparison Essay1079 Words   |  5 PagesIn the movie â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† they show a lot more emotion. In the beginning of the original movie when the Capulet put his thumb to his mouth and told the Montague it wasnt toward them they understood and didnt get bothered. The reaction in the modern version is different than the original movie because they reacted by getting super upset. They were so upset that they start to scream which causes commotion. This helps to show us the difference between the two versions and how one shows way moreRead MoreRomeo and Juliet: A Text to Film Comparison Essay1036 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet has been modified numerous times and has been a source of inspiration for many playwrights and directors. Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrmann are examples of directors that use Shakespeare’s legendary tragedy as a basis for their films. In the Franco Zeffirelli version of Romeo and Juliet, produced in 1968, the setting is accurate to the times of when William Shakespeare wrote the play. In the last act of the film a few differences arose. In Zeffirelli’s production Romeo doesRead MoreLove Is A Smoke Made With The Fume Of Sighs1551 Words   |  7 Pages Romeo Juliet Reflection â€Å"Love is a smoke made with the fume of sighs.† (RJ 1.1.181) The tragedy of Romeo and Juliet has shown the readers the bitterness along with the passionate love. The messages which Shakespeare tried to bring to the readers made the play be a timeless classic for tragedy. It gives people similar but slightly unlike understandings from the particular point of views. The different movie versions and paintings take inspiration from the original play, butRead MoreContrast Essay: Romeo and Juliet906 Words   |  4 PagesContrast Essay: Romeo and Juliet Often times people say that William Shakespeare was and still is a legend. They are correct. It is amazing how Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet written centuries ago can be better than Franco Zefferellis movie production of Romeo and Juliet, which had much better technology to work with only decades ago. Although the movie appeared better, it left out some major parts. The play had better mood and plot details which made it much more dramatic and by far a

First Week of College Free Essays

Brad Campagna Kathy O’Rourke College has so far exceeded my expectations in a huge way. As a new member of the ice hockey team there were many uncertainties and worries, as well as tons of excitements and anticipations. Obviously the biggest part, school, was nerve wracking and exciting too. We will write a custom essay sample on First Week of College or any similar topic only for you Order Now In college hockey its very common that players take a few years off of school prior to attending, to play hockey in junior hockey leagues. This created a bit more nerves then excitement for the classroom aspect of school since i’ve only taken 3 college courses since graduating high school, making it a bit harder to get back into the swing of things. Besides getting back into school routine, being a hockey player in college has made the beginning of school an unbelievable experience for me. On move-in day while still in the process of getting everything together, my roommate and I met the first player on our team. Since my roommate is also on my team it was a huge relief to meet someone before our parents even left. Since then it’s been smooth sailing and have made number of friends on the team, many which I already know ill be very good friends with in the future. This was probably the biggest relief for me so far because I had no idea what to expect. I kept worrying about how the kids, especially the new recruits, would be and literally every one is an awesome person. I didn’t realize how much being on a sports team would help me make friends this fast, which I am extremely grateful for. We’ve all had so much fun already and we are just one week into school. On top of all of that, we are all at least 20 years old and up as freshman. I think this gives us a big advantage of transition for things like college because we are all at least two years more mature then we would have if we had gone right from high school. Now that is not to toot my or any of my friends horns, but I do feel as if the maturity level is definitely higher then it would have been by the overall way we carry and present ourselves as opposed to being 17 or 18. If the year is going to continue on like this, I can only imagine how much fun it’s going to be. This is also all going without mentioning the hockey part. Hockey hasn’t even started yet which excites me that much more. I think and hope we have a very good team that can do very well throughout the season. Now obviously college isn’t all fun and games. The school aspect of college hasn’t really sunk in yet since were not very far into the semester. It definitely concerns me somewhat, but I think I will end up doing well. I naturally have a good work ethic through hockey, so I plan on using that into the classroom. Sure it will be harder sometimes because of practices and games and whatnot, but thats what my teammates and the rest of the accommodations that Potsdam supplies for us are for. It’s a good start for me professor wise, since pretty much all of them seem to be very good at what they do. The only thing that has gotten me a little annoyed and anxious about is all the reading. Reading takes up a lot of time and that what most of college is. My time management needs to be very efficient if I’m going to do well this year. I hope my next four years here will just keep getting better and better as I meet new people and explore new things. There is still so much I haven’t done yet and so many experiences I have to look forward too as long as my school works stays up to par. When my career at Potsdam is over I hope I will have accomplished my goal of excelling in every way whether its school, hockey, friends, community status and more. Obviously I plan on having my degree whether I continue with my Business major or change to something else. I hope and expect to have good grades throughout the whole experience not just getting by. I also expect to do very well in hockey and hope to make an immediate impact on the team and carry it out through the whole four years here. I also hope to have my friends that I’ve already made be my best friends and friends for the rest of my life. Finally by the time I leave Potsdam I hope to have had a big impact on the overall community. The hockey team stresses a high importance of being active in the community and having a positive attitude in every place in every situation. So far there’s been much positivity here and I will be contributing to that as much as possible. If my whole time at Potsdam is going to be how this first week has been, then I anticipate having an extremely good experience here. How to cite First Week of College, Papers

Organizational Behaviour and Human Resource Management

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Behaviour and Human Resource Management. Answer: Introduction: In a highly competitive world of today, it has become absolutely imperative for any organization to keep an eye over the process in which the business operations are being carried out in the company. In case an organization intends to increase its productivity by increasing employee efficiency, it must ensure that it has the most desirable work environment or proper capacity that can help the organization achieve long-term sustainability. Herein lies the importance of the organizational analysis of a company. A variety of management models are being employed for analyzing an organization and these models help the organization evaluate the effectiveness of the structure, leadership strategy or the employee performance of the organization. Burrell and Morgan is a sociological model that is very effective in determining the trajectory of an organization, and making necessary recommendations if necessary. Marks and Spencer (MS) is one of the most recognized British multinational organiza tions situated all over the world. The M S Singapore provides high quality fashion items and stylish home-ware that has helped it to achieve huge recognition among the Singaporeans as well. However, despite the huge recognition the organization has achieved, it should be noted that the organization is not free from competitors at Singapore as well. In fact, Group P.L.C and Next P.L.C are the names of some of the most eminent competitors of the organization in Singapore. Hence, it has been observed that if the organization intends to sustain itself in future, it must consider restructuring its structure, and re-formulating its leadership strategies. Hence, the organizational analysis of M S using the Burrell and Morgan model is highly important. Thus, the present task intends to discuss and explain the Burrell and Morgan model, and next aims to analyze the effectiveness of the organizational strategy, adopted by Marks and Spencer (Hassard Cox, 2013). Definition and Explanation of the Burrell and Morgan Model: The Burrell and Morgan model is actually a model, created and developed by Burrell and Morgan for explaining and classifying the sociological theories. Although this is a sociological paradigm itself, the theory has wide application over a variety of organizational theories. The particular model focuses on the four important aspects of the organization, which are being explained below: The model is being used for explaining the four important perspectives- Radical Humanist perspective, Functionalist perspective, Radical Structuralism perspective and the Interpretive perspective. The radical humanist perspective talks of a highly autocratic work environment, where the employees are being marginalized, and are not being sufficient freedom in ventilating their personal opinions. Again, the functionalist perspective analyzes the goals of the organization in the light of the shared civic values, while the radical structuralism perspective focuses on the importance of the organizational intervention in management decisions. Last but not the least, the interpretive perspective intends to analyze the present situation in the light of certain theories (Cronje, 2013). Functionalist Paradigm: Here, Marks and Spencer Singapore, is being considered, and the organization is being considered in the light of the Burrell and Morgan model. The functionalist paradigm is being adopted, as it is being observed that the management authority of M S Singapore follows an autocratic leadership style, wherein the employees are being prevented from reaching their full potential. As a result of excessive intervention on part of the authority, the employees are unable to retain their motivation, and express and utilize their innovative ideas, necessary for helping the company achieve organizational success (Powel DiMaggio, 2013). This paradigm intends to recommend radical change in terms of the organizational structure and culture, followed at Marks and Spencer. The Functionalist paradigm intends to explain the organizational issues of the selected company in the light of the pragmatic ideas of sociological positivism. Hence, the organizational behavior of the company will be done, with t he help of hypothesis testing. Background of the Organizational Structure and Culture Followed at M S (Singapore): M S follows a very poor and ineffective organizational structure. Moreover, the organizational culture is also not suitable, as it does not provide sufficient motivation to the employees working under the organization. Since the year of 2000, the organization in Singapore has been in the news for the fall in profit as well as the sales. The organizational structure of a company refers to the way the authority arranges and divides the work among its employees, so as to help in the accomplishment of the important goals and objectives. M S follows the traditional bureaucratic organizational structure that divides the organizational jobs according to the employees areas of specialization, such as sales and operation, logistics, Marketing and accounting (Brokaw et al., 2012). Since the functionalist paradigm is being adopted, it has been observed that the organizational values, and culture are highly responsible for the condition of the organization in the recent times. However, the deg ree to which the authority is distributed among the employees is very high. It should be noted that in case of a bureaucratic organizational structure, and an autocratic culture, the managerial head is required to regularly monitor and supervise the activities and performance of the employees, working in different departmental sections of the company. However, in case of M S, given the huge span of control required to monitor the activities of the innumerable number of functional departments, the managing authority fails to review and evaluate the quality of the employee performance (Gypteau et al., 2015). It should be noted that the centralization of power and authority tends to present innumerable disadvantages to the organization. One major disadvantage confronting the M S Singapore is that the pyramidal structure of management is not desirable for a large organization. The decision-making capacity as well as the managerial duties is confined in the hands of the President, who acts as the executive, in the company, and hence he fails to assess and evaluate the quality of the performance of the employees (Ashkenas et al., 2014). Besides, the President of the organization fails to visit the organization during regular periodical intervals, and communicate the strategies or changes to the employees. As a result, there is a wide gap of communication that has been developing among the employees and the higher management of the organization. The functional organizational structure followed by M S Singapore, is being explained below: As it is evident from the above diagram, the organizational structure followed at M S limits the power, control and authority to a single individual, who fails to pay, heed to each aspect of the organization (Pettigrew et al., 2014). The employees working at M S Singapore under the Marketing team claimed that they fail to express creativity, as they are expected to comply with the norms of the organization. As a result of the functionalist paradigm, it has been observed that the strictly hierarchical structure of the organization does not allow liberty and autonomy to the employees, working in the organization. Though a strong hierarchical structure is very organized, it does not necessarily have a positive impact on the minds of the employees. Due to the lack of effective communication, the employees fail to understand the organizational requirements, and hence the Human Resource team fails to introduce necessary changes in the organization. Besides, research studies suggest that the HR department itself has to comply with the legal and regulatory framework of the organization, as drafted by the top layer of the management of the organization (OReilly Tushman, 2013). It is recommended that the organization creates a large, interdisciplinary group, and distributes the power among the managers of each departmental section. This will enable effective communication of business plans and sm ooth operation of the business activities. Besides, the organization must replace its autocratic leadership style with the participative and flexible leadership style. A proper sense of collaboration and employee co-operation is absolutely needed, which is apparently missing at M S. It has been observed that due to the lack of proper communication, the organization, at recent times, has failed to conduct great business in Singapore, and hence the rate of profit has been going down. Excessive intervention at workplace also leaves the employees discontent and de-motivated, that leads to high turnover rates and low retention capacity. Hence, the organization should adopt a highly participative style of leadership and organizational management, so that the employees can also enjoy the power to communicate their innovative ideas, and contribute to the well-being of the organization (Goetch Davis, 2014). Besides, the organization must adopt the divisional organizational structure, as it is the most suitable structure for any large scale organization. The organization should confine the power of management authority to each sectional manager, so that there can be an equal division of power (Daft, 2012). The proposed organizational structure can be explained with the help of the diagram given below: The line organizational structure is the most desirable organizational structure meant for M S Singapore. The structure can help in simplifying and clarifying the authority as well as the job roles assigned to each employee, and also assists in promoting fast and efficient decision-making system (Cummings Worley, 2014). Background of the Organizational Culture Followed at M S: The organizational culture of M S should also be considered. The organizational culture is defined as the system of shared values, ideologies and beliefs followed by the employees of an organization. The culture at workplace is highly important as it determines the nature of relation of the employees among themselves, or the way in which the employees behave with the colleagues (McShaneGlinow, 2015). Marks and Spencer is in itself a reputed brand, and hence it must ensure that the organizational culture adopted by the company communicates the right message to the employees. Besides, there is no point denying the fact that the organizational culture of the company also helps in promoting healthy relation among the employees. The organizational culture can be of various kinds, such as the pragmatic organizational culture, academy culture, baseball team culture, club culture and fortress culture. However, M S follows a normative organizational culture, whereby the organization has a p redefined set of rules that the organization intends to follow (Lee et al., 2012). The employees working at M S are expected to follow the norms and the workplace guidelines, and to conform to the prescribed code of business and policies of the organization. As a result, the employees are unable to enjoy a sense of flexibility, and autonomy within the organization. The strict normative control within the organization is undesirable as it robs the employees of autonomy (Weaver et al., 2013). Though the organizational culture is strong, and imposes strict rules on the employees, the employee productivity is affected in a negative way. Since, there exists a structurally direct and inextricable relation between employee productivity and organizational culture, the performance of the employees gets affected. However, inequality or hierarchy is seen as an important part of any society, or an organization, the hierarchical structure and the normative organizational culture is being apprec iated in the organization. Besides, the organizations belief and business ideology can be summarized in the following way: Providing excellent service to each single client To strive for excellence Respect for each individual employee (Rowlinson et al., 2013) As it is evident, the organizational culture of M S primarily focuses on the benefits and well-being of the employees. However, it is recommended that the organization adopts a more employee centric culture. The organization has been overlooking the demand of its employees for salary hike and flexible work schedule. There is a lack of control and co-ordination between the management authority of the organization, and the employees working under it. The business activities of the organization are mainly operated under the control and guidance of the CEO of Steve Rowe, who fails to regularly supervise and monitor the Market performance of the company in the different outlets at Singapore (Ainsworth et al., 2015). Hence, this acts as a source of trouble. The promotional strategy adopted by Rowe, while launching the products in the Western countries, does not always prove best for the Singaporean Market. The consumers as well as the consumption behavior of the consumers largely differ a cross borders, and hence the organizational strategy chosen by Rowe is not always being accepted by the employees. This leads to organizational conflict and workplace clash, that affect the performance of the employees, and de-motivates them as well. The CEO of the organization does not reside in Singapore, and hence he fails to stay connected with the employees. As a result, there is a lack of acceptability among the employees, who often find the managerial skills questionable. It is recommended that the organization follows any one of the given alternatives: The organization should vest the management power of the Singaporean outlets, on a business manager who is a resident of Singapore The organization divides the business activities into various sections, whereby a divisional manger is being chosen for supervising and controlling the business activities o each section (Weaver et al., 2013). By following either of the two alternatives, M S Singapore, will be able to introduce a role organizational culture. In case of the role organizational culture, the structure is well-defined and the business operations are highly predictable. As a result, the manager of the organization will not impose rapid decisions and autocratic control on the employees. Another problem observed in the organizational culture of M S Singapore, is that the leaders of the organization follow an autocratic style of leadership, whereby the employees do not enjoy flexibility and autonomy in the decision making process (Senge, 2014). Yet it should be noted that the company could have still excelled in its operational activities, if it could organize regular meetings and interactive sessions, that could help the higher authority communicate the business strategies to the employees. In this case, the productivity rate of the efficiency rate of the employees are remaining the same, and yet lack of managerial control or insufficient knowledge about the organizational goals, are not letting the employees reach full potential. In order to improve the workplace culture, M S Singapore is required to ensure effective communication between the higher and the lower management level (Gyptaeu et al., 2015). Either the employees should be offered minimal right to parti cipate in the decision-making capacity, or the top level managers should interact with the employees at periodical intervals. As it has already been mentioned above, the organization is required to frame its culture keeping into consideration, the needs and expectations of the employees. The organizational culture should move from being consumer-centric to employee-centric. The employees, regarded as the human resources of the organization must be valued as much as the financial resources. Hence, the important attributes, such as employee integrity and fairness, learning opportunities, accountability, communication, and purpose, decision-making skills are some of the important attributes that must be incorporated by the organization in its organizational culture. In a highly normative organizational culture, M S needs to continually motivate its employees. However, the employees feel de-motivated and deprived of enjoying basic rights of taking managerial decisions within the organization. Excessive managerial intervention hampers the creative and innovative approach of the organization at Singapore. The promotional and Marketing team consists of Marketing managers, belonging to Singapore only, and hence the Marketing managers of Singapore can be provided with the opportunity of selecting the most effective promotional strategy. Although the organization recruits as much as 250 University graduates in UK, the number of Singaporean employees working in the M S outlet is indeed quite low. Consequently, the limited number of Singaporean employees often encounters issues of cultural diversity, as well as cross cultural communication problems. However, the management authority does not try to develop the intercultural competence of the existent e mployees, by offering sufficient training programs. The social and interpersonal relation of the employees must be improved to enable smooth connection between the logistics and operation department and the sales department. The organization however places too much emphasis on improving and enhancing the soft skills and the personality of the employees. The organization has been overlooking the problem of co-ordination that exists among the employees working in different sectional departments of the organization (Kacker, 2015). M S has been focusing too much on the tasks or the business deals, and have been dismissing the importance of developing personal relation of the employees. Recommendations: It is evident from the recent research reports that M S, Singapore is gradually losing its edge, and hence it will face great difficulty in sustaining itself in future, if it does not adopt any effective step. As the above organizational analysis has been done considering the functionalist paradigm, a radical change in the structure and the culture of the organization is being suggested. First of all, the organization, instead of vesting all the power and authority on the CEO and the managerial heads, must create a hierarchical structure, clearly defining the power and the authority of each employee. More importantly, the accountability as well as the role of each functionary must be explicitly stated. The organization must hire sectional managers, who will be holding regular meetings and interactive sessions, for communicating the immediate plans and strategies of the organization (Frederick, 2013). Besides, a more flexible work environment is required whereby each employee or at l east each sectional head can chalk out and implement his own business plan, for the respective department. Too much dependence on the higher authority slows down the decision making and strategy implementation process. Although a proper span of control is indeed required, yet it is advisable that M S Spencer allows proper flexibility and autonomy to the employees. As far as the organizational culture is concerned, the autocratic leadership style should be replaced by the participative leadership style, as it will motivate the employees to participate and involve in the decision-making process more actively. Besides, no organization can build a coherent culture unless the people are willing to embrace the inherent values of the organization. Hence, it is advised that the organization arranges workshops and seminars that can promote a sense of belonging and co-operation among the employees of M S (Retna Jones, 2013). Conclusion: M S Singapore has been doing well even in the recent past. However, at present, the business reports suggest that the organization has been suffering from the biggest downturn in last 10 years, owing to the inability to adopt the most effective organizational structure and culture. By applying the functionalist paradigm, it has been observed that the current dominant ideology, adopted by the organization is not the right one. Hence, the organization is required to adopt a change in the structure as well as in the culture. Reference List: Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., Wall, S. N. (2015).Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Psychology Press. Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T., Kerr, S. (2015).The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. Brokaw, L. (2012). Marks and Spencers emerging business case for sustainability.MIT Sloan Management Review. Chaudoir, S. R., Dugan, A. G., Barr, C. H. (2013).Measuring factors affecting implementation of health innovations: a systematic review of structural, organizational, provider, patient, and innovation level measures.Implementation Science,8(1), 1. Cronje, J. (2013). What is this thing called design in design research and instructional design.Educational Media International,50(1), 1-11. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change.Cengage learning. Daft, R. (2012).Organization theory and design.Nelson Education. Frederick, C. D. (2013).An International marketing case study(Doctoral dissertation). Gharache, A. M. A., Nezhad, S. N. M. Y., Javaherian, E., Mehrabanfar, E. (2014).Feasibility of Codification and Using Human Resource Strategy with SRP Model.International Journal of Research in Organizational Behaviour and Human Resource Management,2(1), 177. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence.pearson. Gypteau, J., Otero, F. E., Kampouridis, M. (2015, April). Generating directional change based trading strategies with genetic programming. InEuropean Conference on the Applications of Evolutionary Computation(pp. 267-278).Springer International Publishing. Gypteau, J., Otero, F. E., Kampouridis, M. (2015, April). Generating directional change based trading strategies with genetic programming. InEuropean Conference on the Applications of Evolutionary Computation(pp. 267-278).Springer International Publishing. Hassard, J., Cox, J. W. (2013). Can sociological paradigms still inform organizational analysis? A paradigm model for post-paradigm times.Organization Studies, 0170840613495019. Kacker, M. P. (2015). Internationalization of Retailing in the Asia-Pacific Region: Current Trends and Future Outlook. InProceedings of the 1997 World Marketing Congress(pp. 496-503).Springer International Publishing. Lee, S. M., Olson, D. L., Trimi, S. (2012). Co-innovation: convergenomics, collaboration, and co-creation for organizational values.Management Decision,50(5), 817-831. McShane, S. L., Von Glinow, M. A. (2015).Organizational Behavior 7/e. O'Reilly, C. A., Tushman, M. L. (2013). Organizational ambidexterity: Past, present, and future.The Academy of Management Perspectives,27(4), 324-338. Pettigrew, A. M. (2014).The politics of organizational decision-making.Routledge. Powell, W. W., DiMaggio, P. J. (Eds.). (2012).The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. University of Chicago Press. Retna, K. S., Jones, D. (2013).The learning organisation and Singapore culture.The Learning Organization,20(4/5), 338-351. Rowlinson, M., Hassard, J., Decker, S. (2014). Research strategies for organizational history: A dialogue between historical theory and organization theory.Academy of Management Review,39(3), 250-274. Senge, P. M. (2014).The dance of change: The challenges to sustaining momentum in a learning organization. Crown Business. Weaver, S. J., Lubomksi, L. H., Wilson, R. F., Pfoh, E. R., Martinez, K. A., Dy, S. M. (2013). Promoting a culture of safety as a patient safety strategy: a systematic review.Annals of internal medicine,158(5_Part_2), 369-374. Weaver, S. J., Lubomksi, L. H., Wilson, R. F., Pfoh, E. R., Martinez, K. A., Dy, S. M. (2013). Promoting a culture of safety as a patient safety strategy: a systematic review.Annals of internal medicine,158(5_Part_2), 369-374.

William Shakespeares The Tempest, was first performed in 1611 and was the last play that Shakespeare wrote Essay Example For Students

William Shakespeares The Tempest, was first performed in 1611 and was the last play that Shakespeare wrote Essay William Shakespeares The Tempest, was first performed in 1611 and was the last play that Shakespeare wrote. The main character, Prospero is thought to be a representation of Shakespeare as he controls all of the characters in the play just as Shakespeare controls the characters in his scripts also at the end of the play, Prospero asks the audiences permission to leave the stage in the epilogue, this could be seen as Shakespeare announcing his retirement: Let your indulgence set me free. The play suggests many differences between the primitive Caliban and the civilised Prospero. We see these on a number of occasions throughout the play as the two, very different personalities clash. Caliban is a portrayed as a primitive man, He acts on instinct and his basic urges to eat, sleep and reproduce. We see this when we learn why Prospero keeps Caliban as a slave. The audience would empaphise with Caliban, as he is very innocent although bestial. We will write a custom essay on William Shakespeares The Tempest, was first performed in 1611 and was the last play that Shakespeare wrote specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Whereas Caliban has no urge or desire for material possession or power, Prospero does. Prospero ideally sums up the civilised as he is educated and knows right from wrong. Prospero has lived in a world governed by laws whereas Caliban has only ever known his island, where there are no rules. Calibans first appearance on stage is in Act 1 Scene 2. As, he approaches Prospero; he immediately curses him using an image taken from nature. This shows the audience of the hate between Prospero and Caliban. We know this because Prospero previously calls Caliban a tortoise, so he is referring him to an animal, and the curses that Caliban uses: A south-west blow on ye, And blister you all oer. For Elizabethan times, the curses that Caliban directs to Prospero would be very severe and insulting. All of the curses are images taken from nature as Caliban refers to the wind, wildlife and dew on the ground. These images show that Caliban lives in harmony with nature and the island, and loves everything about wildlife: As wicked dewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ravens feather. Prospero responds to Caliban by punishing him by threatening to order his spirits to hurt him in his sleep. Prospero treats Caliban, as a worthless creature that he feels should have no liberties, for what he tried to do to his beautiful Miranda. Even before this event though, Prospero didnt treat Caliban as equal, although he taught him about the world, he kept him as a pet. Now Caliban is forced to be a slave to Prospero who dismisses all curses Caliban and returns his own dehumanising insults: Hag-seed, henceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Abhorred slave Caliban has lived on the island all of his life as he was born there. His mother, Sycorax, who was a wickedly evil witch used to rule over the island but has since passed away. Caliban is also said to be the son of the Devil. This is why  Caliban has a disfigured appearance and has no idea of rules and boundaries. After Sycorax died had died, Caliban had become the ruler of the island, as there was just him and the spirits living there in harmony. When Prospero arrived on the island he used his magic to demand power and with this usurped the position of leader of the island from Caliban, much to the anger of the native. At first, Prospero taught Caliban language and how to understand life. Caliban was treated as if he was a pet: And teach me how to name the bigger light. As Miranda grew up there were no real clashes between Caliban and Prospero until Miranda reached her early teens. Calibans primitive, instinctive urges led him to attempting to rape Miranda. Prospero was enraged by this and ever since has forced Caliban into being a slave using the spirits to taunt him if he disobeys. Caliban is forced to live in a dark cave and has to collect food and wood for Prospero and his daughter. Caliban would feel very bitter about his and that he has lost his island: .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 , .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 .postImageUrl , .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 , .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136:hover , .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136:visited , .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136:active { border:0!important; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136:active , .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo and Juliet is about two people who love each other but, because their families are enemies, they cannot be together EssayThis islands mine by Sycorax my mother. Prospero views himself as the beautiful white European and as Caliban is indigenous, he is looked upon by Prospero as ugly and different as he is not the same as Prosperos ideal. A reason for this is colonial arrogance. During the time this play was performed many British explorers were venturing to new shores around the world and setting up new colonies using the natives as labour or use them to help themselves. Prospero is just like these explorers who tries to utilise the skills of the indigenous people. I would cast Caliban as having dark tanned skin being played by a beautiful attractive man, just to emphasise the prejudice of Prospero: Freckled whelkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Filth as thou art Caliban would wear gowns made of natural materials. E.g leaves bark. He would also wear a shawl of what once was Prosperos, to show the audience that Prospero once respected him: Thou strokst me, and made Much of me. When Caliban has a soliloquy he would speak clearly and gently, to show his sensitive side but in the presence of Prospero his anger would engulf him and he would growl and snarl. Hen would walk with a slight limp, a sign of when the spirits hurt him, and crouched, as his cave is very small and cramped: Caliban snarling Caliban cowering Caliban would always look innocent to gain sympathy from the audience. After the Tempest, the crew of the ship became washed up on the shore of the island in a number of small groups. Stephano and Trinculo believe that they could make some money out of the being back in Europe: Were I in England now As I once was  And had this fish painted: not a holiday Fool there but give a piece of silver. Shakespeare is poking fun at the Elizabethan desire for spectacle and hard-heartedness. Caliban would be in awe of the two strangers especially Stephano as Caliban views him as his new leader and as his God, who has been sent from heaven Hast thou not droppd from heaven? Caliban would throw himself at the feet of Stephano in awe as if he is a God, and Caliban a forever-loyal servant. This shows how gullible he is and Shakespeare implies how Elizabethans believed in myths and legends. Caliban would circle Stephano and distance himself from Trinculo. He would hang on Stephanos every drunken word and spit at the ground where Trinculo has stood. Trinculo feels ashamed that he was scared of the savage and now he is jealous of Caliban that Stephano is paying more attention to Caliban. Stephano feels very special and important when Caliban is being very sycophantic towards him: Ill kiss thy foot. Caliban uses imagery connecting them to the heavens as he refers to Stephano as a brave God, or deity and he views the alcohol as if it has been sent from the heavens: celestial liquor. Caliban offers his only gift to Stephano in showing him the island. He offers himself to Stephano and curses Prospero: A plague upon the tyrant that I serve. The word tyrant, implies that Prospero exercises power in a harsh, cruel manner. Caliban sings and rejoices at the thought of no longer having to be a servant to Prospero. We know that Caliban loves the island because of his knowledge of the island and the imagery of nature that he uses. We can see that he is grateful that can finally show his love for his home. In Act 3 Scene 2 Caliban plots with Stephano and Trinculo to usurp Prospero from power and leadership of the island. As this takes place though, Ariel, Prosperos spirit servant plays a trick on the scheming group. I would stage this scene as the group on one side of the stage in a huddle with Trinculo nonchalantly leaning up against a tree mimicking Calibans comments in a jealous way. On the other side of the stage there would be a large rock. Ariel would hide behind this and when he would speak he would peek his head over the top so that the audience realise that it is Ariel. Ariel would call Caliban a liar, hide behind his rock and laugh with the audience at the unfolding events. This would be a joke between Ariel and the audience but the other three wouldnt have any idea what is going on. This is effective use of dramatic irony. We learn even more of the hatred of Prospero by Caliban in this scene. Caliban calls Prospero a tyrant and claims that he cheated the island from  him. Caliban describes Prospero to Stephano and Trinculo as an evil sorcerer and he intends to kill Prospero and help Stephano to claim the island. .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 , .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 .postImageUrl , .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 , .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712:hover , .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712:visited , .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712:active { border:0!important; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712:active , .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, 1564-1606 EssayI would stage Caliban as when he talks about Prospero to talk with bitter anguish in his voice and act very aggressively and perhaps he could punch a tree as he describes the ways that they could kill Prospero in his sleep: Batter his skull, or paunch Him with a stake, or cut, His wezand with thy knife. These acts of violence emphasise the deep hatred that Caliban has for Prospero, he even believes that the spirits dislike him. Saying this could help get the audience on Calinbans side by trying to portray Prospero as a bad person. We learn about Calibans personality in this scene as the audience are shown of his intelligence when he tells the others of the best time and way to kill Prospero, by seizing his magic books. Caliban thinks Prospero is nothing without his magic and would stand no chance against the three men. He detests how Prospero can enchant the spirits into serving him through blackmail and false hope in the case of Prospero telling Ariel he would be free from duties. Towards the end of the scene, Ariel plays a tune on his tabor and pipe. This scares Stephano and Trinculo as they can hear music that is played by nobody. Caliban reassures the men that it is normal on the island to hear delightful music and gives a speech about it using imagery of soft sleep and dreaming along with beautiful instruments and light clouds to show his sensitive side and how he lives in harmony with the island as he often enjoys the delicate sounds of the spirits. The speech shows that the island is a very beautiful, fascinating place that is full of magical goings-on. Even with Prospero ruling over the island. In conclusion, I feel that Caliban has been the most interesting character in the play through the way Shakespeare has used Calibans language use and innocence to portray a good indication of what a tamed, savage being would be. I admire Caliban as he has not lost faith in his beautiful island and he will fight for what he believes in/against, even when it involves being subjected to physical pain. He even shows how sensitive and intelligent he can be even if he is usually aggressive and can sometimes act bestial: I cried to dream again. I think that Prospero was wrong to treat Caliban as a slave and although Caliban tried to rape Miranda, Prospero treats him badly and unfairly, as Caliban knew no better than to rely on his basic, primitive urges. I agree that Caliban should have been punished so that he can learn what is right and wrong, but on not such a severe scale. Prospero views him as a Devil who cannot be changed, but  when Prospero arrived on the island he must have thought differently because he taught him the ways of life: A devil, a born devil. Caliban realises that he has chosen to worship the wrong person when Stephano is only interested in possessions where Caliban is unmaterialistic and he does not want to hurt anyone or cause suffering, he just wants his island. The Tempest, raises the issue of colonial arrogance, which is relevant today, just as it was in Elizabethan times. Still, today, there are many Prosperos, who visit different cultures and believe the natives are different and therefore do not give them or their culture a chance. We learn in the end that the prejudiced people in the world will get what they deserve as in this case, the audience sees Prospero as quite a manipulative figure.

The Crucible and Hale Essays

The Crucible and Hale Essays The Crucible and Hale Paper The Crucible and Hale Paper Essay Topic: The Crucible The Crucible Guided Viewing Questions KEY Who are Reverend Parris, Betty, and Abigail? What is their relationship? Rev. Parris is the minister of Salem, Betty is his daughter, and Abigail is his niece. Who is Tituba? What is her relationship to the family? Tituba is the Parris’s slave from Barbados.   What is wrong with Betty? Betty is unconscious after being caught by her father dancing in the woods with other girls from Salem.   Why does Parris suggest calling in Reverend Hale? Rev. Parris thinks the Devil has entered Salem and turned the girls into witches. Who are Ann and Thomas Putnam? What do they suggest is Betty’s problem? What is their motivation for suggesting this? The couple who lost all but one child, Ann. The Putnams believe that Betty is being controlled by the Devil and is suffering the same symptoms as their daughter Ruth related to withcraft.   Who is Ruth? What is her relationship to the Putnams? What is wrong with her? How do the Putnam’s tie her problem to Betty’s? Ruth is the Putnams’ daughter; she is the other girl who is unable to wake after doing black arts in the woods with Tituba.   Who is Mercy Lewis? What is her relationship to the Putnam’s? The Putnams’ servant.   What does the conversation between Abigail, Mercy Lewis, Mary Warren, and Betty reveal about their recent activities? The girls are making the idea of witchcraft up to avoid getting punished for dancing in the woods. Who is John Proctor? What is his relationship to Mary Warren? What is his relationship to Abigail? How does he feel about his relationship with Abigail? John Proctor is a landowner and a farmer, who separates him self from the town. Mary Warren is the Proctors’ servant; she replaced Abigail Williams, with whom he had an affair. Who is Elizabeth Proctor? What does Abigail think of her? How might this affect the outcome of the play? Elizabeth Proctor is John’s wife. Abigail despises Elizabeth because she dismissed her and brought suspicion on her. Abigail targets Elizabeth because she wants to take her place in John’s life.   Who is Giles Corey? Why is he introduced into the play? Giles Corey is an illiterate farmer who is a friend of John Proctor. His wife, Martha, reads books at night, and he says he â€Å"can’t pray.   Who is Rebecca Nurse? What is her role likely to be in the play? Rebecca Nurse is an elder in the town, married to Francis Nurse, who says that the â€Å"witchcraft† is just the girls’ foolishness. All of her children and grandchildren are all still alive.   Why is the issue of Parris’s salary raised? Rev. Parris required that he be given the deed to the minister’s house; he is concerned with temporal, earthly things seemingly more than heavenly things. ? 14. What is the Putnams’ grievance over land? What significance might this have in the play? Thomas Putnam feels as if he was cheated out of land by his father and is always   What do the Puritans think of books other than the Bible? How do you learn about this in Act One? Books other than the Bible are folly and possibly evil.   How does Hale confuse Tituba? What is the significance of their conversation? Hale’s questioning is loaded with biased questions – assuming Tituba’s guilt as a witch which confuses Tituba; Hale also is beating Tituba as he questions her.   How and by whom are the other villagers accused of witchcraft? What is the motivation for the girls’ accusations? What is the significance of the scene between Elizabeth and John Proctor? What does it reveal about their relationship and about each of their characters? Elizabeth and John Proctor have a strained relationship and a â€Å"cold† home due to John’s affair with Abigail. John has not forgiven himself.   What is the gift Mary Warren gives to Elizabeth? Mary Warren gives Elizabeth a poppet, a rag doll. 20. What information does Mary provide about the trials? Why does John forbid her from attending? Elizabeth’s name has been mentioned in connection witchcraft. Mary Warren is an â€Å"official of the court. † John forbids Mary from attending the trial because he knows that it’s a sham because Abigail told him that she made the â€Å"witchcraft† up.   Why does Reverend Hale come to the Proctors’ home? What does this scene reveal about Hale’s role in the trial? Hale visits the Proctors to test the Christian character of the home. Hale is the investigator trying to find the truth.   What relationship does Hale suggest exists between the church and the court? Hale believes that the relationship between the church and the court is too close together – that justice is impossible.   What does Proctor tell Hale about why the children were ill? How does he claim to know? Proctor tell Hale that the children/girls are making the â€Å"witchcraft† up; Abigail told him.   What is the point of the discussion between Hale and the Proctors about whether or not they believe in witches? The Proctors do not believe in witchcraft, this going against what the church says. What does Giles report to the Proctors? What is the significance of his revelations? Giles reports that his wife, Martha, has been arrested.   What event begins to change Hale’s opinion about the arrests? How does he feel about the court? Elizabeth Proctor is arrested based on possession of a poppet that has a needle in its body (Abigail simultaneously stabs herself with a needle). Mary Warren says she made the doll while sitting in court.   What role does Cheever play? What is revealed about his character? Cheever is the arresting officer. He says he has been ordered to do so (he does not question his orders). What do we learn about why Mary Warren gave the poppet to Elizabeth? Why is Elizabeth arrested? On what grounds? What do we learn about Mary Warren’s motives at the end of the scene? How do Proctor, Francis, and Giles plan to use Mary Warren’s testimony to prove that â€Å"Heaven is NOT speaking through the children†? What is the significance of Proctor plowing on?

Understanding Arrays in PHP

Understanding Arrays in PHP An array is a systemic arrangement of objects. Hum, what does this mean? Well in programming an array is a type of data structure. Each array can hold several pieces of information. It’s sort of like a variable in that it stores data, but not at all like a variable in that instead of storing one bit of information it can store many pieces of information. Let’s start with an example. Let’s say that you are storing information about people. You could have a variable that stored my name â€Å"Angela†. But in an array, you could store my name, my age, my height, my In this sample code, we will look at storing two bits of information at a time, the first being somebody’s name and the second being their favorite color. ?php $friend[0] Kevin; $friend[1] Bradley†; $friend[2] Alexa; $friend[3] Devin; $color[Kevin] â€Å"Teal†; $color[Bradley] â€Å"Red†; $color[Alexa] â€Å"Pink†; $color[Devin] â€Å"Red†; print My friends names are . $friend[0] . , . $friend[1] . , . $friend[2] . , and . $friend[3]; print p; print Alexa ‘s favorite color is . $color[Alexa] . .; ? In this example code, you can see that the friend array is sorted by number, and contains a list of friends. In the second array, color, instead of using numbers it uses strings to identify the different bits of information. The identifier used to retrieve data from the array is called it’s key. In our first example, the keys were integers 0, 1, 2, and 3. In our second example, the keys were strings. In both cases, we are able to access the data held in the array by using both the array’s name, and the key. Like variables, arrays always start with a dollar sign ($array) and they are case sensitive. They can not start with an underscore or a number, you must start them with a letter. So, to put it simply, an array is kind of like a variable with lots of little variables inside of it. But what exactly do you do with an array? And how is it useful to you as a PHP programmer? In practice, you will probably never create an array like the one in the example above. The most useful thing you can do with an array in PHP is to use it to hold information you get form somewhere else. Having your websites information stored in an MySQL database is not uncommon. When your website needs certain information it simply accesses your database, and wha-laa, on demand data. Let’s say you have a database of people who live in your city. You now want to search that database and print out records for anyone named â€Å"Tom†. How would you go about doing this? You would read through the database for people named Tom, and then pull their name and all the other information about them from the database, and place it in an array inside of your program. You are then able to cycle through this array, and print out the information or store it to use elsewhere in your program. On the surface, an array might not look that interesting to you, but when you do more programming and start storing more complex data structures you will find you are often writing them to arrays when they need to be used.

Summary of the law of accelerating returns Essay

Summary of the law of accelerating returns - Essay Example According to the article, ‘Law of Accelerating Returns’ evolution relates to constructive feedbacks relating to a phase of evolutionary progress is used to form the next phase. Therefore, the rate of advancement in an evolutionary process escalates exponentially over a period, which highly influences the ‘Law of Accelerating Returns’ that involves rapidity, cost-effectiveness and complete "power" of a procedure. The second phase of exponential development occurs when higher resources are organized in the direction of further advancement. ‘Biological and technological evolution’ can be referred as evolutionary processes. For an instance, transistors are incorporated within a circuit to create powerful computers, which in turn provides a prospect for exponential growth until the computers become powerful. This induces a paradigm shift, which ensures that the process of exponential growth keeps persisting at a rate, which doubles in each decade (Ku rzweil, â€Å"The Law of Accelerating Returns†). The Singularity is the technical revolution, which is so prompt as well as intense that the rate of exponential growth has become infinite and technology seems to be mounting at limitless speed. Therefore, it can be considered that the Singularity will transmute different facets of our lives socially, sensually and economically. Advanced technologies in the present day context, has been subjected to law of accelerating returns. ‘Moores Law of Integrated Circuits’ came into existence, which was highly recognized in the public as a paradigm for exponential progression in computers. The overall speed of computers has doubled each year, which has given rise to flat chips used in computers. Moores Law has extended to such a level in terms of computational power due to which exponential progression has not been viable. Thus, ‘Moores Law’ can be considered as S curve. In agreement with the